Ao Whānui - Premier Propylene Glycol: Te Pūhui Waro Maha-mahi

Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana me te Matū

Āhua me te Kakara: He wai mārama, he wai matotoru te propylene glycol, kāore he tae. He reka paku tōna, ā, tata kore kakara, he pai mō ngā whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana he āhua pūmau oro.

Te wairewatanga: He tino pai te whakaranu, ka taea te whakaranu katoa ki te wai, te etanoru, te etera, te acetone, te chloroform, me te maha atu o ngā whakarewa waro. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea e ia te mahi hei whakarewa me te emulsifier whai hua i roto i ngā momo whakatakotoranga.

Ngā Pūmau Ā-tinana Matua: Ko te taumaha molar o te propylene glycol he 76.09 g/mol, ā, ko te mātotoru o te propylene glycol he tata ki te 1.036 g/cm³ i te 25°C, he paku mātotoru ake i te wai. Ko tōna ira rewa he - 59°C, e āhei ai te noho i roto i te āhua wai puta noa i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui. Ko te ira kohua kei te 188.2°C i raro i te pēhanga paerewa, e tohu ana i tōna pumau i ngā pāmahana taiao noa. He teitei te ira mura, tata ki te 99°C (kua kati - kapu), e whakaiti ana i te mōrearea o te mura ohorere.

Te Tauhohenga Matū: Hei diol, ka taea e te propylene glycol te whai wāhi ki ngā momo tauhohenga matū e kitea ana i ngā rōpū waipiro. Ka taea e ia te hanga i ngā esters ina tauhohehia ki ngā waikawa carboxylic, he mea nui ki te hanga i ngā hua ahumahi me ngā hua kaihoko. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ia te pāngia e ngā tauhohenga maroke i raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, ka arahi ki te hanganga o ngā ethers huringa intramolecular, ngā polymers intermolecular rānei.

Ngā Wāhi Whakamahinga

Ahumahi Kai me te Inu: He maha ngā mahi a te propylene glycol i tēnei rāngai. He mea whakamakuku, he mea āwhina ki te pupuri i te makuku i roto i ngā kai pēnei i ngā kai tunutunu, ngā mea reka, me ngā kai miraka, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te kai me te pupuri i te kakano. Hei whakarewa, ka whakamahia hei whakarewa i ngā kakara, ngā tae, me ngā mea tiaki, kia rite ai te tohatoha i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga kai me te inu. Hei tauira, he mea kitea noa i roto i ngā wai kakara mō ngā inu ngawari, me te kawe i ngā hinu kakara i roto i ngā kai. Kua whakaaetia hoki hei tāpiringa kai (E1520) i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, ā, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana he haumaru (GRAS) e te US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ina whakamahia i roto i ngā rohe kua tohua.

Ahumahi Rongoā: I roto i ngā rongoā, he mahi nui tā te propylene glycol. He whānuitia te whakamahinga hei whakarewa mō ngā rongoā kāore e ngāwari te wairewa ki te wai, e āwhina ana i te hanganga ki ngā rongoā ā-waha, werohanga, me ngā rongoā ā-papa. Hei tauira, i roto i te maha o ngā rongoā ā-waha wai, ka āwhina te propylene glycol ki te waimeha i ngā kai rongoā hohe, kia tika ai te horopeta. I roto i ngā hanganga ā-papa pērā i ngā kirīmi me ngā hinu, ka mahi hei whakamakuku me te whakarei ake i te urunga, e whakapai ake ana i te mimiti o ngā rongoā ki te kiri. He āhuatanga patu huakita me te patu harore anō hoki tōna, e whai wāhi ana ki te tiaki i ngā hua rongoā.

Ngā Mea Whakapaipai me te Tiaki Whaiaro: He wāhanga matua te propylene glycol i roto i te tini o ngā mea whakapaipai me ngā hua tiaki whaiaro. I roto i ngā hua tiaki kiri pērā i ngā hinu whakamakuku, ngā hinu toto, me ngā horoi, ka mahi hei hinu whakamakuku, ka kukume i te makuku mai i te hau, ka herea ki te kiri, kia mau tonu ai te makuku o te kiri. Mā ōna āhuatanga whakarewa ka taea e ia te whakarewa i ngā momo kai hohe me ngā kakara, kia taurite ai te tohatoha i roto i ngā hua. Ka whakamahia hoki i roto i ngā hua tiaki makawe pērā i ngā shampoo me ngā conditioner hei whakapai ake i tōna kakano me te āwhina i te tuku i ngā kai whai hua ki te kakau makawe. I roto i te whakakoi whao, ka mahi te propylene glycol hei whakakoi kirihou, hei ārai i te whakakoi kia kore e pakarukaru, kia ngawari hoki te pakaru.

Ngā tono ahumahi: He wāhanga nui te propylene glycol i roto i te hanga o ngā rauemi ahumahi. He rauemi mata matua tēnei i roto i te hanga o ngā kapia polyester kore-mākū, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te hanga kirihou whakakaha-kakara. Ka kitea ēnei kirihou i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te motuka, te hanga, me te moana, nā te mea he nui te ōwehenga kaha ki te taumaha me te ātete ki te waikura. I roto i te ahumahi motuka, ka whakamahia ngā hanganga ārai huka me te whakamatao e hangai ana ki te propylene glycol hei whakahaere i te pāmahana o ngā miihini, hei ārai i te wera nui me te hukapapa. Ka mahi anō hoki hei whakarewa me te kawe i roto i ngā paninga, waituhi, me ngā piripiri, hei whakarei ake i ō rātou mahi me ngā āhuatanga tono.

Ngā Tikanga Whakarite

Te Whakapūtanga Waipiro Epoxy Propane: Koinei tētahi o ngā tikanga ahumahi tino noa. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka tauhohe te epoxy propane (propylene oxide) ki te wai i te aroaro o tētahi whakakorikori. Ka taea te puta te tauhohenga i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. I roto i te tikanga wai-whakamakuku tika, ka whakamahia te pāmahana teitei (tata ki te 150 - 200°C) me te pēhanga (0.98 - 2.94 MPa), me te ōwehenga molar wai-ki-epoxy propane tata ki te 20. Ahakoa ka taea e te tere tahuritanga o te epoxy propane ki te propylene glycol te eke ki te 85%, ka puta hoki ētahi hua taha polypropylene glycol. Ko tētahi atu huarahi ko te hydrolysis waikawa-whakakorikori, e tāpirihia ana he iti noa te whakakorikori waikawa (pēnei i te waikawa whanariki). Ka mahia te tauhohenga i tētahi pāmahana iti ake (50 - 70°C), ā, me whakakore te hua ka puta mai me te purea mā roto i ngā tukanga pēnei i te whakahorohoro korehau kia whiwhi ai i te propylene glycol parakore teitei.

Te Whakapūngao Hidrogenolysis Whakakorikori Glycerol: Ka taea te whakamahi i te glycerol hei rauemi mata hei hanga i te propylene glycol. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka whakapūtātia tuatahitia te glycerol i ōna rōpū hydroxyl, ā, ka whai ake ko te whakamaroketanga ā-roto hei hanga i ngā hua takawaenga pērā i ngā enol me ngā tautomer keto-aldehyde. Kātahi ka whakapūtātia ēnei hua takawaenga i te aroaro o tētahi whakakorikori (pērā i tētahi whakakorikori parahi), ā, ka puta ko te 1,2-propylene glycol. Ko te painga o tēnei tikanga ko te whakamahi i tētahi rauemi whakahou (glycerol), ka taea te tiki mai i ngā puna pērā i te hanga biodiesel.

Ngā Tikanga Hangarau Koiora: Ka taea te hanga i ētahi moroiti, pērā i ētahi momo huakita me te rewena, hei whakaputa i te propylene glycol mā roto i ngā tukanga whakapūkara. Hei tauira, mā te whakarerekē ira i te Escherichia coli, i te Klebsiella pneumoniae rānei, ka taea te hanga hei huri i ngā huka (pērā i te glucose) te glycerol rānei hei propylene glycol. He pai ake te taiao o tēnei huarahi hangarau koiora ki te whakataurite ki ngā tikanga matū tuku iho, nā te mea ka mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga ngawari ake, ā, ka taea pea te whakamahi i ngā pūtake waro whakahou. Heoi, ko te hua me te whai huatanga o ēnei tikanga he wāhi tonu kei te rangahauhia me te whakapai ake.

Ngā Whakatūpato

Ngā Whakaaro Hauora: Ahakoa e kiia ana he haumaru te propylene glycol mō te whakamahi i roto i te kai, i ngā rongoā, me ngā mea whakapaipai i roto i ngā rohe kua whakaaetia, ka pā kino pea te pānga kino ki te hauora i te nui o te pānga, te horomia rānei. Mā te horomia i ngā rahinga nui ka puta pea ngā tohu pēnei i te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, me te mate korere. I ngā wā tino kino, ka pā te waikawa metabolic, he āhuatanga e nui rawa ai te waikawa e kohia ana e te tinana. Mā te pā o te kiri ki te propylene glycol kukū ka puta te riri ki ētahi tāngata, inā koa ko te hunga he kiri tairongo. Me karohia te pānga kiri mō te wā roa, te roa rānei. Ina whakamahia i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi, me tika te hauhautanga tika hei ārai i te manawa o ngā kohu propylene glycol, nā te mea ka pā te manawa nui ki te kore e pai te manawa.

Ngā Tūponotanga Ahi me te Pahūtanga: He mura ngāwari te propylene glycol, ahakoa he teitei te pāmahana mura. Ka taea e ōna kohu te hanga ranunga pahū me te hau i raro i ētahi āhuatanga. Me waiho ngā wāhi rokiroki me te whakahaere kia matara atu i ngā mura tuwhera, ngā mura ahi, me ētahi atu pūtake mura. Me wātea ngā ipu rokiroki ātete ahi me ngā taputapu tinei ahi e tika ana ki ngā wāhi e rongoatia ana, e whakamahia ana rānei te propylene glycol.
Pānga ki te Taiao: Ahakoa he pirau te propylene glycol, ka pā tonu te tukunga nui ki te taiao, inā koa ki ngā wai. I roto i ngā pūnaha wai, ka taea e ia te kai i te hāora i a ia e pirau ana, ā, ka pā pea ki ngā mea ora i roto i te wai. Nō reira, me whai tikanga whakahaere para me te pupuri i ngā para kia kore ai e tukuna te propylene glycol ki te taiao.

Ngā Whakatakotoranga

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