Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC): He Rauemi Matua iti-paitini, teitei-whai hua mō te Matū Tauwhiro
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana me ngā Māramatanga Ngota
Ngā Painga Hanganga
Paitini Iti: Mē te LD₅₀ (ā-waha, kiore) he 6400 mg/kg, he nui ake te haumaru o te DMC i ngā kaihoko methylation tuku iho (hei tauira, te dimethyl sulfate, LD₅₀ = 140 mg/kg), e tutuki ana i te ture EU REACH mō ngā poke rauropi kore-pūmau.
Te tauhohenga:
Methylation: Mā te rōpū methoxy (−OCH3) ka taea te whakawhiti haumaru i te rōpū methyl, hei whakakapi i ngā momo paitini kē atu.
Te Whakapūngao Waro: Mā te rōpū carbonyl (−CO−) ka āwhina i te whakawhiti ester me te aminolysis, e tautoko ana i te hanga polycarbonates kore-phosgene.
Te Whakapūmautanga: 3.1 te pūmau dielectric, ka pai te whakaranu o te DMC me ngā waipiro, ngā ketone, me ngā esters, ā, ka wairewahia ā-wāhanga ki te wai (1.6 g/100 mL i te 20°C).
Ngā Raraunga Matua o te Tinana
Nā te pāmahana kohua o te DMC o te 90.5°C, he pai mō ngā tauhohenga pāmahana-waenga me te whakaora whakarewa, e 30% te iti iho o te pūngao e hiahiatia ana i ngā tukanga e hangai ana ki te benzene. Ko tōna matotoru iti (0.664 mPa・s) ka whakarei ake i te rere o te wai i roto i ngā tono pēnei i ngā electrolytes pākahiko lithium, ko te enthalpy mimiti o te 363 kJ/kg ka whakarite i ngā tere maroke taurite mō ngā paninga me ngā piripiri. Kia mahara: Ko tōna whānuitanga pahūtanga (3.1–20.5% vol) me whai pūnaha hauhautanga 防爆 (ātete-pahūtanga).
Ngā Taupānga Ahumahi Kanorau
Ngā Auahatanga Hanganga Kakariki
Te Hanganga Polycarbonate (PC):
Tukanga Kore-Phosgene: Ka tauhohe te DMC ki te bisphenol A (BPA) mā te transesterification hei whakaputa i te diphenyl carbonate (DPC), ka whakapūpūhia hei PC. Ka whakanui ake tēnei tikanga i te whai huatanga o te ngota ki te 92% (ki te 65% mō ngā huarahi phosgene tuku iho) ā, ka whakakorea ngā hua taha paitini.
Te Mahi a te Hua: Ko ngā kapia PC ka puta he whakawhiti mārama ≥90%, he pāmahana whakapōturi wera 135°C, me te kaha pānga 10% teitei ake i te PC i ahu mai i te phosgene, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā anga hiko me ngā taupoki rama o ngā motuka.
Rongoā me ngā Matū Ahuwhenua:
Ngā Tauhohenga Methylation: Ka whakakapi i te dimethyl sulfate i roto i te hanga rongoā cardiovascular (hei tauira, nifedipine) me ngā antidepressants (hei tauira, sertraline), ka whakapai ake i te hua mā te 15–20% me te methanol hei hua taha anake.
Ngā Whakamahinga Waro: Whakamahia i roto i te hanga carbaryl (patupatu patu) hei karo i te waikura HCl, hei whakaiti i ngā utu mā te 25%.
Pūngao Hou me ngā Rauemi
Ngā Irahiko Pūhiko Ritiumu:
I konatunatua ki te ethylene carbonate (EC) me te ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), ka hangaia e te DMC ngā electrolytes taurite me te kawe ionic tae atu ki te 1.2 mS/cm. Ka roa ake te ora o te huringa pākahiko ki te 1,200 ngā wā (te pupuri kaha ≥85%), e tutuki ana i te EU Battery Regulation (2023/0051) mō te iti o te paitini. Kua whakamahia kētia i roto i te hanga pākahiko 4680 a Tesla.
Ngā Rauemi Pirau-ā-Koiora:
Ka whakakotahitia ngā rauemi DMC ki te propylene oxide hei hanga i te polypropylene carbonate (PPC), ka mimiti i te 40% CO₂ ka pirau i roto i ngā marama 6–12, ka whakatika i ngā para kirihou i roto i ngā rihi kotahi te whakamahinga me ngā kiriata ahuwhenua.
Ngā Paninga me ngā Piripiri
Ngā Whakarewa Hoa-Taiao: Ka whakakapi i te toluene/xylene i roto i ngā peita OEM motuka, ka eke ki te ihirangi VOC ≤50 g/L (he iti iho i ngā paerewa GB 24409-2020). Ka whakaitihia te wā whakamaroke ki te 2 hāora, ā, ka eke te pakeke o te kiriata ki te 2H.
Ngā Piripiri Kore-Formaldehyde: Hei hononga ki ngā panera tāonga, he formaldehyde kore utu kei roto i ngā piripiri polyurethane DMC ≤0.01 mg/m³ (tohu E0), ā, ka āwhina i a IKEA ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga formaldehyde mā te 500+ tana ia tau.
Ngā Painga Taiao me ngā Wero Hangarau
Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Whakapūmautanga
Ōhanga Atomika: Ka taea te hangarua i ngā hua taha pēnei i te methanol mā te whakahorohoro, ka whakaiti i te kawenga COD i roto i te wai para mā te 70% ki te whakaritea ki ngā tukanga tuku iho.
Te Hopu Waro: Ka whakaitihia e te hanga PC kore-phosgene te tapuwae waro mā te 45%, ā, e pau ana i ia tana o te DMC e hangaia ana te 0.6 tana o te CO₂ mai i te hau paru o te tipu hiko, e tautoko ana i te CCU (te hopu me te whakamahi waro).
Ngā Rohe Auaha
Te Whakaiti Utu: Mā te tikanga hanga tika o te CO₂ (mā te whakamahi i te methanol, te CO₂, me ngā whakakorikori e hangai ana ki te Pd) ka whakaiti i ngā utu rauemi mata mā te 30%, ā, kua tutuki i te tipu whakamātautau a Sinopec te whakaputanga tauine kirotona.
Ngā Otinga Tino Parakore: Ka tutuki i te hangarau mimiti-wehenga membrane te DMC taumata-hiko me ngā katote konganuku ≤1 ppb me te parakore ≥99.999%, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa SEMI C87 mō te horoi haurua-ira.
Te Whakahaere Haumaru: Ko te DMC moroiti kua whakakikoruatia (kua pania ki ngā anga nano SiO₂) ka whakapiki i te pāmahana mura ki te 60°C, he mea whakamana e TÜV Rheinland mō te haumaru o te kawe waka.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga
| Ingoa Hua | Waikawa Propionic | |||||||||
| Tātai Matū | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Taumaha ngota | 74.08 karamu/mol | |||||||||
| Āhua | Wai mārama kore tae | |||||||||
| Te Pūwāhi Rewa | -20.8℃ | |||||||||
| Te Pūtake Kohua | 141.1℃ | |||||||||
| Kiato | 0.993 karamu/cm³ | |||||||||
| Nama Kāri | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Waehere HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Tono | Whakamahia ki ngā kirihou, rongoā, kai, whakarewa me ngā hinu kakara | |||||||||
Pepa Whakahaere Kounga
| Ingoa Hua | Waikawa Propionic | ||||||
| TAONGA | UARA PAEREWA（%） | UARA WHAKAMĀTAUTAU（%） | |||||
| Te Ihirangi Waikawa Propionic, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Kiato（20/20℃） | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Awhe Kohua/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Te toenga mimiti, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Wai, w/% ≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| ngāwari te whakahāora, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Hei mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Whakamutunga | Kia tutuki i ngā paerewa o GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
He aha i whiriwhiri ai i tā mātou DMC?
Ngā Kaha Matua e Whā
Te Whakapūmautanga o te Parakore:
Mā tā mātou tukanga whakapūtanga-whakapūtanga tonu me te whakatōtō toru ka puta he DMC taumata-ahumahi (≥99.5%) me te taumata-hiko (≥99.99%), me te methanol ≤100 ppm. Take: I tutuki i tētahi kiritaki pākahiko e whakamahi ana i tā mātou DMC te 98.7% o te pai o te utu-tukunga tuatahi (te toharite ahumahi 95%).
Te āheinga whakaritenga:
Ngā otinga kua hangaia mō te uara waikawa (≤0.001 mgKOH/g), te makuku (≤50 ppm), me ngā peroxide (≤5 ppm). Hei tauira, i whakawhanakehia e mātou he DMC waikawa tino iti (0.0005 mgKOH/g) mō te hanga rongoā e aro ana ki te waikawa.
Tauira Ōhanga Porowhita:
Ka hangarua ngā hua taha o te methanol ki roto i ngā syngas (CO+H₂) mō te hanga DMC, ka eke ki te 95% te pai o ngā rauemi me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga CO₂ mā te 3 tāne mō ia tāne o te DMC. Ka horoia ngā takai para mā te CO₂ tino nui mō te 95% o te whakamahinga anō.
Te Whakatutukitanga ā-Ao:
E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ā-rohe (hei tauira, India BIS, Brazil INMETRO), e āhei ai te whakawātea i ngā taonga i roto i ngā haora 72. E tutuki ana ngā tapanga GHS me ngā MSDS kua whakaritea.
Te Whakatairanga i te Matū Tauwhiro
Kei te hangaia anō e te Dimethyl Carbonate ngā ahumahi mā roto i ōna āhuatanga "kore-paitini, whai hua, me te hangarua". Ka whakapau kaha mātou ki ngā tukanga auaha me ngā otinga iti-waro, me te tuku tautoko mai i ngā rauemi mata ki ngā tono. Ko te whiriwhiri i tā mātou DMC he tikanga mahi tahi me te oranga tonutanga—ko ia maturuturunga iho ka akiaki i te whakaiti i te parahanga, te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me te whanaketanga hangarau, me te hanga tahi i tētahi heke mai matū matomato ake.