Tetrahydrofuran (THF): Te Pouara Maha o ngā Tukanga Matū Tika
Tātaritanga Hōhonu o ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana me te Matū
Hanganga Ngārara Ahurei
Kei roto i te hanganga o te THF he mowhiti etera hurihuri me te ngota hāora, e hanga ana i ngā āhuatanga matua e whai ake nei:
Te Whakapūmautanga Pōra: Mā te nekehanga dipole o te 2.75 D ka taea te here hauwai ki ngā ngota pōra, me te whakaoti rapanga i ngā matū kore-pōra mā roto i ngā taunekeneke dipole i whakaohokia, he mea tino pai mō ngā pūnaha tauhohenga kanorau.
Te Tauhohenga o te Mowhiti: Ka whakatuwheratia te mowhiti e te waikawa e te whakakorikori, ka whakahaere i ngā tauhohenga pēnei i te alkylation me te polymerization. He mea nui tēnei tauhohenga mō te hanga polymers pēnei i te polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG).
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana
Te Pūmautanga o te Wera: Ahakoa e koropupū ana i te 66°C, e tio ana i te -108.5°C, ka noho wai tonu te THF puta noa i te awhe pāmahana whānui, he pai mō ngā tauhohenga pāmahana iti me ngā tukanga mimiti tere.
Ngā Āhuatanga Kawe: Mā te matotoru iti (0.55 mPa·s) me te kukū mata teitei (26.4 mN/m) ka whakarei ake i tōna kaha ki te mākū, he mea nui mō te horoi me te paninga.
Tuhipoka Haumaru: He tino mura (ira mura -17.2°C) ā, ka puta he ranunga pahū me te hau (1.8–12.4% vol), me mātua āta ārai i te ahi.
Ngā Whakamahinga Matua puta noa i ngā Ahumahi
Te Hanga Pūmua me te Resin
Te Hanganga Polyurethane (PU):
Te Hanga PTMEG: Ko te THF te rauemi mata matua mō te hanga i te polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), he wāhanga ngohengohe matua i roto i ngā muka spandex me ngā polyurethane thermoplastic (TPU). Neke atu i te 90% o te THF o te ao e whakamahia ana i tēnei rāngai, me ia tana o te spandex e hiahia ana ki te ~0.8 tana o te THF.
Ngā Piripiri PU: Ka konatunatua ki te DMF, ka hangaia e te THF he piripiri maroke tere, he totoka teitei mō ngā hu me ngā roto o te motuka, e tuku ana i te 35% o te ihirangi totoka me te 40% tere ake te maroke i ngā pūnaha DMF parakore.
Ngā Resin Epoxy me te Hangahanga:
Hei whakarewa tahi i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga epoxy, ka whakapai ake te THF i te whakauru me te whakaiti i te matotoru, ka taea ai te whakamahi paninga tika i roto i ngā taputapu hiko me te rererangi.
Matū Waro me te Matū Motuhake
Ngā Tauhohenga a Grignard:
Ka whakau te THF i ngā takawaenga oro-whakarewa (hei tauira, RMgX) mā te mahi tahi me ngā katote konupora, ka whakanui ake i ngā hua tauhohenga mā te 15–20% ki te whakaritea ki te diethyl ether. Tauira: I roto i te hanganga ibuprofen, ka eke ngā mahi Grignard e hangai ana ki te THF ki te ≥99.5% te parakore me ngā hua taha ≤0.3%.
Ngā Irahiko Pūhiko Ritiumu:
Ka whakarei ake te THF i te kawe hiko o ngā electrolytes e hangai ana ki te lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) (≥10 mS/cm), ka whakapai ake i te roa o te huringa ki te neke atu i te 1,000 ngā wā (te pupuri kaha ≥85%) i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium metal.
Ngā Mara Hangarau-Tirohia me ngā Mara Motuhake
Te Horoi Ārahi-Haumaru: Ka tangohia e te THF ngā toenga ātete-whakaahua i roto i te hanga hiko moroiti, ka tutuki ai te poke o te katote whakarewa ≤10 ppb mō ngā tukanga iti iho i te 14 nm.
Te Whakatiotanga Rongoā: Ina whakamahia hei hanga anō i ngā paturopi me ngā steroids, ka puta he tioata ōrite (50–200 μm) me te parakore ≥99.9%.
Tangohanga Hua Taiao: Ka whakarewahia ngā matū whai kiko (hei tauira, CBD, paclitaxel) me te 25% teitei ake te parakore i ngā whakarewa kore-polar, me te whakaiti i te pirau wera mā te tukatuka pāmahana-iti.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga
| Ingoa Hua | Waikawa Propionic | |||||||||
| Tātai Matū | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Taumaha ngota | 74.08 karamu/mol | |||||||||
| Āhua | Wai mārama kore tae | |||||||||
| Te Pūwāhi Rewa | -20.8℃ | |||||||||
| Te Pūtake Kohua | 141.1℃ | |||||||||
| Kiato | 0.993 karamu/cm³ | |||||||||
| Nama Kāri | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Waehere HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Tono | Whakamahia ki ngā kirihou, rongoā, kai, whakarewa me ngā hinu kakara | |||||||||
Pepa Whakahaere Kounga
| Ingoa Hua | Waikawa Propionic | ||||||
| TAONGA | UARA PAEREWA（%） | UARA WHAKAMĀTAUTAU（%） | |||||
| Te Ihirangi Waikawa Propionic, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Kiato（20/20℃） | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Awhe Kohua/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Te toenga mimiti, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Wai, w/% ≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| ngāwari te whakahāora, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Hei mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Whakamutunga | Kia tutuki i ngā paerewa o GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Ngā Whakaaro Haumaru me ngā Urutaunga Ahumahi
Ngā Mōrearea Hauora me te Taiao
Paitini: Mā te hongi i ngā kukū tiketike (>500 ppm) ka pāngia te pūnaha io o te pūnaha; mā te roa o te wā ka pāngia te mahi a te ate/ngā whatukuhu. Me tiaki manawa (APF≥10) me ngā karapu ātete matū.
Pānga Taiao: Ka pirau i roto i te oneone (haurua-ora ≤5 rā) engari he paitini ki ngā mea ora i roto i te wai (LC50 ika=110 mg/L). Me tukatuka matatau te wai para (COD≤50 mg/L) i mua i te tukunga.
Ngā Whakautu Ture me te Hangarau
Ngā Tohu Parakore:
Ahumahi (≥99%): Mō te hanganga whānui, me te whakamahi i te ≤0.5% wai/aldehydes.
Hiko (≥99.9%): Ngā katote konganuku ≤1 ppb, he rite ki te SEMI C8 mō te whakamahinga haurua-ira.
Rongoā (≥99.5%): Kua whakaaetia e te FDA, ngā aldehyde ≤10 ppm mō te hanga rongoā.
Te Whakatutukitanga ā-Ao:
EU REACH: He iti noa ngā rauemi e pā ana ki te kai (hekenga ≤0.05 mg/kg).
US OSHA: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m³), me aroturuki te hau i te wāhi mahi.
He aha i whiriwhiri ai i tā mātou THF?
Te Parakore Whakaheke: Mā ngā tukanga whakahoro-toru matatau ka puta he THF hiko-papa i te 99.99% te parakore, me te makuku ≤10 ppm me te aldehydes ≤1 ppm, e whakarite ana i te ōritetanga o te puranga-ki-te-puranga (rerekētanga ≤±0.02%).
Ngā Otinga Ritenga: Ngā whakatakotoranga kua whakaritea mō te nui o te wai (50–1000 ppm), ngā taumata peroxide (≤10 ppm), me te pH (5.0–7.0), pērā i te THF peroxide iti mō ngā hanganga rongoā tairongo.
Te Whakahaere Haumaru: Mā te rokiroki kua hipokina ki te hauota me ngā pūnaha kawe ātete-pahū ka whakarite kia haumaru te whakahaere mai i te hanga ki te tuku.
Te Āheinga Whakahaere: Te tutuki i ngā paerewa SEMI, ACS, me te FDA puta noa i te ao, me te tautokona e ngā MSDS whakarite kia ngāwari ai te urunga ki te mākete.
Te Mahi Ngātahi mō te Hiranga Matū
Mā te taurite ahurei o te THF i waenga i te āheinga ki te utu, te tauhohenga, me te urutau tukanga ka tū hei tūāpapa mō te matū hou. Mā tā mātou whakapau kaha ki ngā hua parakore teitei, te auahatanga hangarau, me te tutuki i ngā ture ka whakamanahia ngā kiritaki i roto i ngā kirihou, ngā hikohiko, me ngā rongoā ki te akiaki i ngā putanga hou me te whai kawenga. Kōwhiria tā mātou THF hei whakatuwhera i te tika, te mahi, me te pumau i roto i ia tono.