Bisphenol A (BPA): Te Kaihanga Matua o ngā Rauemi Mahi-Tiketike
Tātaritanga Hōhonu o ngā Āhuatanga Matatini-Matū Taketake
Hanganga Ngārara Ahurei: E rua ngā rōpū phenolic hydroxyl o te ngota BPA e honoa ana ki te angaanga propane. Nā tēnei hanganga ka whakawhiwhia ki a ia he mahi matū motuhake. Mā ngā rōpū phenolic hydroxyl e rua ka hoatu he nucleophilicity kaha ki te BPA, ka taea ai e ia te tauhohe ki ngā momo matū. I taua wā anō, ka whakaratohia e te angaanga propane te ngota ki tētahi taumata pakari me te aukati steric, ka awe i te whiriwhiri me te mahi a te BPA i roto i ngā tauhohenga matū rerekē.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana: Ko te ira rewa o te BPA he 158 - 159°C, ko te ira kohua he 400.8°C te teitei, ā, ko te mātotoru he tata ki te 1.195g/cm³. Mā ōna ira rewa me te koropupū teitei ka pumau tōna pumau i raro i te pāmahana me te pēhanga noa, ā, ko tōna mātotoru tika he mea nui i roto i ngā āhuatanga tono e hiahia ana ki te mātotoru rauemi motuhake, pērā i te whakarite i ētahi kirihou me ngā kapia, ka pā pea ngā āhuatanga mātotoru o te BPA ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te tukatuka whakahāngai o ngā hua whakamutunga. He paku wairewa i roto i te waro tetrachloride, he uaua ki te wairewa i roto i te wai, engari he wairewa i roto i ngā momo whakarewa waro noa, ā, ko tēnei āhuatanga wairewa ka whakatau i tana mahi tauhohenga me ngā tikanga tono i roto i ngā pūnaha whakarewa rerekē.
Puka Tirotiro Kounga mō te Bisphenol A
| Kaitātari | Wāhanga | Whakatakotoranga | Hua | Tikanga Whakamātautau |
| Āhua | / | He ma, he kirikiri rānei, kāore he poke ā-mīhini | He kirikiri mā, kāore he poke ā-mīhini | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Bisphenol A | I roto i/% | ≥99.85 | 99.925 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Phenol | I roto i/% | ≤0.005 | 0.001 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| 2,4-Isomera | I roto i/% | ≤0.050 | 0.01 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Te Pūwāhi Tioata | °C | ≥156.6 | 157.2 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Chroma Rewa | Tae, Pt-Co (Wāhanga Hazen) | ≤20 | 10 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Chroma Otinga | Tae, Pt-Co (Wāhanga Hazen) | / | 5 | GB/T 28113-2011 |
| Makuku | I roto i/% | ≤0.08 | 0.02 | GB/T 6283-2008 |
Ngā tono matua i roto i ngā mara maha
Te Hanga Kirihou me te Resin:
Te Hanganga Polycarbonate (PC): Ko te BPA te rauemi matua mō te hanga polycarbonate (PC). He mea motuhake te polycarbonate i roto i ngā momo mara maha nā tōna māramatanga whatu pai rawa atu (neke atu i te 90%), te ātete pānga teitei (250 - 300 ngā wā i te karāhe noa), te pumau o ngā āhuatanga, me te ātete wera (te pāmahana whakararuraru wera tae atu ki te 130 - 140°C). I roto i te umanga hikohiko me te hiko, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te PC ki te hanga anga o ngā rorohiko, waea pūkoro, me ētahi atu hua hiko, e kore e whakarato noa i te tiaki pono mō ngā wāhanga tika o roto engari e whakarei ake ana hoki i te whakataetae mākete o ngā hua nā tōna āhua ataahua me te kakano pai. I roto i te umanga motuka, ka whakamahia te PC ki te hanga taupoki rama motuka, ngā papa taputapu, me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko te nui o te whakawhiti mārama o ngā taupoki rama ka whakarite i te māramatanga taraiwa i te pō, ko te pumau o ngā āhuatanga o ngā papa taputapu ka whakarite i te huihuinga tika me te pono o ngā wāhanga mō te whakamahinga roa. I roto i te ao hangahanga, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā panera hihi-rā i hangaia ki te rorohiko, ngā tuanui rama, me ētahi atu hua i roto i ngā whare tūmatanui pēnei i ngā toa hokohoko nui me ngā papa tākaro nā te mea he tino ātete ki ngā pānga me te whakawhiti mārama, ka hangaia he wāhi kanapa, haumaru hoki mō roto.
Te Hanganga Resin Epoxy: He monomer matua anō hoki te BPA mō te whakarite i ngā resin epoxy. He tino pai te piri o ngā resin epoxy, ā, ka taea te hono pūmau i ngā rauemi maha pērā i te konganuku, te rakau, me te karāhe, nō reira he tūranga nui tō rātou i roto i te mara piri. I roto i te umanga rererangi, ka whakamahia ngā piri epoxy hei hono i ngā wāhanga hanganga rererangi hei whakarite i te pono me te haumaru o te hanganga rererangi i raro i ngā āhuatanga rere uaua. I taua wā anō, he pai te ātete ki te waikura matū me ngā āhuatanga whakamahana o ngā resin epoxy, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahi i roto i ngā rauemi takai hiko me ngā paninga. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka kapihia ngā papa hiko ki ngā resin epoxy hei tiaki i ngā wāhanga hiko mai i te waikura o waho me te whakapai ake i te pumau me te roa o te mahi a ngā taputapu hiko. I roto i te taha paninga, ka whakamahia ngā paninga resin epoxy hei tiaki i te mata whakarewa, ka taea te ātete pai ki te waikura o ngā matū matū pērā i te waikawa me te kawakore, me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a ngā hua whakarewa.
Ētahi atu Whakamahinga Matū Pai:
Te Hanganga Ārai Mura: Ka taea te hanga i ngā ārai mura pērā i te tetrabromobisphenol A mai i te BPA. He mea nui te tāpiri i ngā ārai mura i roto i ngā ahumahi pērā i ngā hua kirihou me ngā kakahu. I roto i ngā hua kirihou, ka taea e ngā ārai mura te whakaiti i te mura o ngā rauemi. Ina pāngia e te pūtake ahi, ka taea e te hau pirau kore-mura, te paparanga waro rānei i hangaia e ngā ārai mura te aukati i te whakawhiti o te hāora me te wera, me te aukati i te horapa o te mura. Hei tauira, mā te tāpiri i ngā ārai mura ki ngā anga kirihou o ngā hua hiko me te hiko ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te ahi, me te tiaki i te oranga me ngā taonga o te tangata. I roto i ngā kakahu, mā te whakamahi i ngā ārai mura ka iti ake te tūponotanga o te mura o ngā kākahu ina tūtaki ki te pūtake ahi, ā, ka whakaiti i te kino i puta mai i te mura o ngā kākahu i roto i te ahi.
Ngā Ārai Mate me ngā Whakapūmau Wera: Ka taea te whakamahi i te BPA hei ārai mate me te whakapūmau wera i roto i ētahi hua kirihou me te rapa. I te wā e tukatukahia ana ngā kirihou, ka ngāwari te arahi o ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pāmahana teitei me te hāora ki te koroheketanga me te pirau o te kirihou, ka pā ki te mahi me te roa o te ratonga o te hua. Hei ārai mate, ka taea e te BPA te hopu i ngā rauropi kore utu i roto i te pūnaha kirihou, te aukati i te whakawhiti mekameka o ngā tauhohenga waikura, me te whakaroa i te tukanga koroheketanga o ngā kirihou. I taua wā anō, hei whakapūmau wera, ka taea e te BPA te whakapai ake i te pumau o ngā kirihou i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te ārai i te pirau, te tae kerekere, me ētahi atu raruraru i te wā e tukatukahia ana, e whakamahia ana rānei. I roto i ngā hua rapa, ka taea hoki e te BPA te mahi i tētahi mahi ōrite, te whakapai ake i te ātete koroheketanga wera me te hāora o te rapa me te whakaroa i te roa o te ratonga o ngā hua rapa pēnei i ngā potae motuka me ngā hiri rapa.
Ngā Tautohe Haumaru me ngā Urupare a te Ahumahi
Te Tūhuratanga i ngā Tūponotanga Hauora: He iti te paitini o te BPA, ā, ka taea te heke me te huri i roto i te taiao me te tinana tangata. He maha ngā rangahau kua whakaatu he rite ngā pānga o te BPA ki te estrogen, ā, ka pāngia pea te pūnaha endocrine tangata. Ina koa mō ngā pēpi, ka pāngia pea te whanaketanga o ō rātou pūnaha whakaputa uri, ka arahi ki ngā mate e pā ana ki te pūnaha whakaputa uri. I taua wā anō, ka taea hoki e te BPA te whakaoho i te ātete ki te insulin, ka arahi ki ngā raruraru hauora pēnei i te huka toto tiketike me te momona. Kua whakaatuhia e ētahi whakamātautau kararehe he rerekē te whanaketanga o ngā okana whakaputa uri me ngā huringa whanonga o ngā kararehe whakamātautau kua roa e pāngia ana e te BPA. Ahakoa kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau mō te pānga o te BPA ki te hauora tangata, he maha ngā whenua kua mahi i ngā mahi hei whakawhāiti i te whakamahinga o te BPA i roto i ngā hua motuhake nā te mea he āwangawanga mō ngā tūponotanga hauora.
Ngā Kaupapa Ahumahi me te Whakawhanaketanga Whakatutukitanga: I runga i ngā tautohetohe mō te haumaru o te BPA, he maha ngā whenua me ngā rohe o te ao kua whakauru i ngā ture e tika ana hei whakawhāiti i ōna whakamahinga. I te tau 2011, i aukatia e te Manatū Hauora o Haina me ētahi atu tari e ono te whakamahinga o te BPA i roto i te hanga, te kawemai, me te hoko i ngā pounamu miraka pēpi. Ko ngā whenua me ngā rohe pēnei i te Hononga o Amerika, Kanata, me te Kotahitanga o Ūropi kua whakawhāitihia hoki te whakamahinga o te BPA i roto i ngā takai kai, ngā hua pēpi, me ētahi atu mara. I te aroaro o ēnei whakaritenga ture, kei te kaha te umanga ki te tūhura i ngā huarahi kē atu i te BPA, pēnei i te bisphenol S (BPS) me te diphenyl sulfone. I taua wā anō, kei te arotau tonu ngā umanga whakaputa i ngā tukanga whakaputa me te whakapakari i te mana kounga hei whakaiti i te nui o te hekenga o te BPA me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa ture e kaha haere ana me ngā whakaritenga a ngā kaihoko mō te haumaru hua i runga i te kaupapa o te whakarite i te mahi hua. I roto i te tukanga whakaputa o te polycarbonate me te epoxy resins, ka whakapai ake ngā umanga i te tere tahuritanga o te BPA me te whakaiti i te toenga o te BPA kāore i tauhohe i roto i ngā hua mā te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga tauhohe me te arotau i ngā pūnaha whakakorikori.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga
| Ingoa Hua | Bisphenol A | |||||||||
| Tātai Matū | C₁₅H₁₆O₂ | |||||||||
| Taumaha ngota | 228.29 karamu/mol | |||||||||
| Āhua | Paura tioata mā | |||||||||
| Te Pūwāhi Rewa | 155–158°C | |||||||||
| Te Pūtake Kohua | 250–252°C | |||||||||
| Nama Kāri | 80-05-7 | |||||||||
| Waehere HS | 29072990 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201-240-4 | |||||||||
| Tono | Ka hanga i ngā mea hanga kirihou, ngā mea aukati mura, ngā rongoā; ka whakamahia ki roto i ngā paninga/piripiri. | |||||||||
Pepa Whakahaere Kounga
| Ingoa Hua | Bisphenol A | ||||||
| TAONGA | UARA PAEREWA（%） | UARA WHAKAMĀTAUTAU（%） | |||||
| Taumaha Parakore o te Bisphenol A | Iti rawa 99.85 | 99.93 | |||||
| Tae APHA | Teitei 5 | 5 | |||||
| Phenol mg/kg | Teitei 100 | 56 | |||||
| % Taumaha phenol kore utu | Mōrahi 1000 | 230 | |||||
| % Taumaha wai | Mōrahi 0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
| Pungarehu mg/kg | Teitei 5 | 0 | |||||
| Rino mg/kg | Mōrahi 0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
He aha i whiriwhiri ai i tā mātou BPA?
E whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakarato i ngā hua BPA kounga teitei, pumau hoki. Kei ia hononga mai i te hoko rauemi mata ki te hanga me te tukatuka he pūnaha whakahaere kounga tino pakari hei whakarite kia teitei te parakore o ngā hua, kia iti te poke, ā, kia tutuki i ngā tohu katoa ngā paerewa ahumahi teitei. He rōpū R&D ngaio tā mātou e taea ai te whakarato i ngā otinga ritenga kia rite ki ngā hiahia rerekē o ngā kiritaki hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakatutuki i te auahatanga me te whanaketanga i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te kirihou, te kapia, me ngā matū pai. I te wa ano, he kaha ā mātou ki te whakahaere mekameka tuku hei whakarite kia tere te tuku hua me te pumau hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia whakaputa nui a ngā kiritaki. I roto i te papamuri o te ahumahi o ngā tautohetohe haumaru BPA, ka aro nui mātou ki ngā nekehanga ture, ka haumi tonu ki ngā rauemi R&D, me te whakatairanga i te whakapai ake matomato me te haumaru o ngā tukanga whakaputa hei whakarato i ngā kiritaki ki ngā hua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga me te pono.
Kōwhiria tā mātou BPA, mahi tahi tātou ki te whakatutuki i ngā putanga hou i roto i te ao o ngā rauemi mahi-teitei, te aro atu ki ngā wero, me te waihanga uara nui ake.