hauwai waikura
Tirohanga Whānui o te Hua
Ingoa Matū: Hauwai Peroxide
Nama CAS: 7722-84-1
Tātai Ngota: H₂O₂
Taumaha ngota: 34.01 karamu/mol
Āhua: Wai kore tae, mārama, kore kakara (he iti te kukū) ki te wai paku matotoru (he nui te kukū)
Ngā Kukū Noa: 3% (whare/hauora), 30% (ahumahi), 50-70% (ahumahi parakore teitei)
He matū whakapūkara kaha, engari he maha ngā whakamahinga o te hauwai waikura (H₂O₂) e mōhiotia ana mō tōna kaha ki te pirau ki te wai (H₂O) me te hāora (O₂) — kāore e waiho he toenga paitini. Nā tēnei āhuatanga hoa-taiao, me ōna āhuatanga whakapūkara kaha, he mea nui tēnei puta noa i ngā rāngai whare, hauora, ahumahi, me te ahuwhenua. E wātea ana i roto i ngā kukū kua whakaritea kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia tono motuhake, mai i te tiaki patunga ngawari ki te tukatuka ahumahi taumaha.
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua me ngā Painga
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga | Painga Matua |
| Pūmanawa Whakahāora | 1.77 V (pūmanawa hiko paerewa) | Ka pakaru pai i ngā poke rauropi/kore rauropi; ka patu i ngā mate urutā (huakita, huaketo, harore) |
| Te wairewatanga | Ka taea te whakaranu ki te wai i ngā ōwehenga katoa | He ngāwari ki te whakaranu ki ngā kukū e hiahiatia ana; he hototahi ki ngā whakatakotoranga wai |
| Whēkenga Whakangaromanga | Ka pumau i te pāmahana rūma (ina rongoatia tika); ka pirau ki te wera/mārama/ngā kaiwhakaoho (hei tauira, MnO₂) | Ka tukuna te hāora hei whakapūngao (hei tauira, te maimoatanga wai para) me te kore he hua paitini |
| pH (30% Otinga) | ~4.0 (pāpaku te waikawa) | Ka whakaiti i te waikura o ngā rauemi hototahi; ka whakarei ake i te pumau i te wā e rongoa ana |
| Parakore (Paenga Ahumahi) | ≥99.5% (haunga te wai; iti te ihirangi konganuku taumaha: ≤5 ppm Pb) | Ka whakarite i te mahi pumau; ka karo i ngā poke e whakararuraru ana i ngā tukanga |
Ngā Āhuatanga Matua me ngā Painga
Taonga
Whakatakotoranga
Painga Matua
Pūmanawa Whakahāora
1.77 V (pūmanawa hiko paerewa)
Ka pakaru pai i ngā poke rauropi/kore rauropi; ka patu i ngā mate urutā (huakita, huaketo, harore)
Te wairewatanga
Ka taea te whakaranu ki te wai i ngā ōwehenga katoa
He ngāwari ki te whakaranu ki ngā kukū e hiahiatia ana; he hototahi ki ngā hanganga wai
Te Whēkau Whakangaromanga
Pūmau i te pāmahana rūma (ina rongoatia tika); ka pirau ki te wera/mārama/ngā kaiwhakaoho (hei tauira, MnO₂)
Tukuna ana te hāora hei whakapūngao (hei tauira, te maimoatanga wai para) me te kore he hua paitini
pH (30% Otinga)
~4.0 (pāpaku waikawa)
Ka whakaiti i te waikura o ngā rauemi hototahi; ka whakarei ake i te pumau i te wā e rongoa ana
Te Parakore (Paenga Ahumahi)
≥99.5% (haunga te wai; iti te ihirangi konganuku taumaha: ≤5 ppm Pb)
Ka whakarite i te mahi pumau; ka karo i ngā poke e whakararuraru ana i ngā tukanga
Ngā tono noa
Nā te ngāwari o te urutau o H₂O₂, he mea nui tēnei puta noa i ngā ahumahi kanorau, ā, ko te arotahi te mea e whakatau ana i te whakamahinga:
3.1 Hauora me te Manaaki Hauora (3-6% Ngā Kukū)
Te Whakamate i te Pakaru: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te otinga 3% hei horoi i ngā motu iti, ngā karawarawa, me ngā weranga — ka whakapūkara i ngā huaketo me te hanga ārai ārai i te mate.
Te Hauora o te Waha: I tāpirihia ki ngā horoi waha hei whakaiti i te paraka, hei patu i ngā huakita manawa kino, hei whakama hoki i ngā niho (i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga kua whakahaeretia).
Te Whakahoromata i ngā Taputapu Hauora: Ka patu huakita ngā otinga iti-kukū i ngā taputapu kore-whakaeke (hei tauira, ngā inemahana, ngā taputapu niho) me te kore e kino ngā mata.
3.2 Ngā Taonga Whare me ngā Taonga Kaihoko (3-10% Kukū)
Te Whakamā i ngā Kākahu: He huarahi ngāwari hei whakakapi i te whakamā māota; ka whakama i ngā papanga (miro, rinena) ā, ka tango i ngā paru rauropi (kawhe, tī, toto) me te kore e memeha ngā tae.
Te Horoi Mata: Ka patu i ngā papa kaute o te kīhini, ngā taputapu kaukau, me ngā papa — he whai hua ki te patu i te harore, te harore, me ngā huakita kai (hei tauira, E. coli, Salmonella).
Te Tiaki Makawe: Whakamahia i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga whakama makawe (6-10% te kukū) hei whakamārama i te makawe mā te whakakōkī i te melanin.
3.3 Te Tukatuka Ahumahi (30-70% Ngā Kukū)
Te Whakamāmā i te Pepa me te Pulp: Ko te whakamahinga ahumahi nui rawa atu — 30-50% H₂O₂ ka whakama i te pulp rakau mō te pepa kounga teitei (hei tauira, te kiko, te pepa tā) me te kore he hua paitini o te chlorine.
Te Hanga Kakahu: Ka whakamakuku i ngā muka taiao (miro, huruhuru hipi) me ngā muka hanga (polyester); ka whakapai ake i te mā o te papanga me te pumau o te tae i mua i te tae.
Te Maimoatanga o ngā Wai Para: Ka wawahi i ngā poke rauropi (ngā phenol, ngā tae, ngā cyanides) ka whakaiti i ngā taumata COD/BOD; ka tukuna te hāora hei whakanui ake i te mahi a ngā huakita aerobic.
Hikohiko: Ka horoia e te H₂O₂ te parakore teitei (70%) i ngā papa haurua-haurua — ka tangohia ngā waikura mata me ngā poke kia tika ai te mahi a te maramara.
3.4 Ahuwhenua (10-30% Kukū)
Te Whakahoromata i te Oneone: Ka patua e ngā wai whakakōkī ngā mate pāwera i roto i te oneone, ngā nematode, me ngā purapura taru; ka pai ake te tukunga o te hāora i te hau o te oneone kia tupu ai ngā pakiaka.
Te Tiaki Hua: Ka whakarei ake ngā rehu iti-kukū i te ātete o ngā tipu ki ngā mate harore (hei tauira, te paura harore) ā, ka mahi hei whakaohooho tipu tūturu.
Haumaru me te Whakatutukitanga
4.1 Ngā Aratohu Whakahaere
Ngā Taputapu Tiaki Whaiaro (PPE): Mō ngā kukū ≥30%, mauria he karapu ātete matū (nitrile), he mōhiti haumaru, me te koti taiwhanga — karohia te pa ki te kiri/kanohi (tērā pea ka wera).
Rokiroki: Puritia ki tētahi wāhi hauhautanga, pōuri, ā, he pai te hauhautanga; whakamahia he ipu HDPE, he ipu karāhe rānei e kore e mārama (ka tere ake te pirau o te mārama). Wehea mai i ngā wahie, ngā waikawa, me ngā konganuku (hei tauira, te rino, te parahi) hei ārai i ngā tauhohenga tūpono.
Āwhina Tuatahi: Mēnā ka pā ki te kiri, horoia te kiri/kanohi ki te wai matao mō te 15+ meneti; me tere tonu te awhina hauora mēnā ka horomia.
4.2 Te Whakatutuki i ngā Ture
FDA (US): Kua whakaaetia mō ngā tono pā-kai (hei tauira, te patu huakita i ngā taputapu tukatuka kai) me te whakamahinga hauora kore-tohu (OTC) (3% ngā otinga tiaki patunga).
REACH (EU): Kua rēhitatia i raro i te REACH; e tutuki ana i ngā here mō ngā poke konganuku taumaha mō te whakamahinga ahumahi me te whakamahinga kaihoko.
OSHA (US): Te rohenga pānga mahi (OEL) kua whakatakotoria ki te 1 ppm (8-hāora TWA) hei tiaki i ngā kaimahi e mahi ana i ngā kukū tiketike.
Ngā Paerewa ISO: Ka tutuki i tā mātou H₂O₂ taumata-ahumahi te ISO 8413 (ngā whakaritenga mō te hauwai waikura) me te ISO 9001 (whakahaere kounga).
Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Pepa Raraunga Hangarau (TDS)
| Tawhā | 3% Taumata Hauora | 30% Taumata Ahumahi | Tikanga Whakamātautau |
| Whakamātautau (Ihirangi H₂O₂) | 2.5 - 3.5% | 29.0 - 31.0% | Te ine i te pāhare pākawa pākawa |
| Te Ihirangi o te Konganuku Taumaha (Pb) | ≤1 ppm | ≤5 ppm | Te Matawai Ngongo Atomika (AAS) |
| Waikawa Koreutu (hei H₂SO₄) | ≤0.02% | ≤0.04% | Te ine i te hauwai konutai |
| Kiato (20°C) | 1.01 karamu/cm³ | 1.11 karamu/cm³ | Ine hauhā/ine tāima |
| Te pumau (6 marama) | ≥95% te pupuri | ≥90% te pupuri | Rokiroki i te 25°C (ngā āhuatanga pōuri) |
He aha i whiriwhiri ai i tā mātou hauwai peroxide?
Ngā Kukū Whakaritea: Kei a mātou ngā taumata 3% (hauora/whare), 30% (ahumahi), me te 50-70% (parakore-teitei) hei whakatutuki i ō hiahia.
Ngā Hanganga Tino Parakore: Mā te iti o te konganuku taumaha me ngā taumata poke ka taea te whakarite kia hototahi ki ngā tukanga tairongo (hei tauira, ngā hikohiko, ngā rongoā).
Pūmau te Tukunga: Mā ā mātou whare whakaputa (te kaha ā-tau: 100,000 tana) ka tukuna i te wā tika mō ngā ota nui me ngā ota iti.
Ātaahua ki te Taiao: Ka pirau hei wai me te hāora — e tautoko ana i ngā whāinga oranga tonutanga (hei tauira, te whakakapi i ngā matū kei roto i te hauwai).
Tautoko Hangarau: Ka whakaratohia e tā mātou tīma matū he aratohu mō te waimeha, te rokiroki, me te arotau i te whakamahinga.
Whakapā mai
Mō ngā utu, ngā tauira, ngā tuhinga TDS/COA katoa rānei, whakapā atu ki tā mātou tīma hokohoko:
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