Ngā Ranunga Whakaiti-Wai Tino Pai: Te Whakapai Ake i te Mahi Konukuraiti mō te Hanganga Kaariki
Ngā Āpure Tono Matua
Ko ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai tino whai hua (pērā i ngā ranunga polycarboxylate) te momo matū whakaiti-wai tino matatau e wātea ana i te mākete. Ka mahi rātou mā te hanga i tētahi paparanga marara ki runga i te mata o ngā matūriki sima, ka ārai i te kohikohinga o ngā matūriki sima, ā, ka whakapai ake i te rere me te mahi o te raima. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te whakamahinga wai e tēnei pānga marara engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te mātotoru me te kaha o te raima. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai tuku iho, ka tukuna e ngā putanga tino whai hua he tere whakaiti-wai teitei ake (te nuinga o te 25%-40%) me ngā whakaritenga horopeta iti ake (te nuinga o te 0.1%-0.3% o te tapeke o ngā rauemi sima), me te iti ake o te pānga ki te taiao.
I roto i ngā kaupapa hanga, mā te whakamahi i ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha pēhi me te ātete wai o te raima, ka roa ake te ora o ngā hanganga. Hei tauira, i roto i te hanganga o ngā whare teitei me ngā piriti nui, mā ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai whai hua ka pai te rere o te raima i raro i ngā whakaritenga kaha teitei, ka whakahaere i ngā mahi hanga. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai ka taea te whakaiti i te toto me te wehewehe i roto i te raima, ka whakapai ake i tōna ōritetanga me tōna ōritetanga.
I roto i te ao hanga whare matomato, he mea tino nui ngā āhuatanga taiao o ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai. Mā te whakamahi i ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai tino whai hua ka taea te whakaiti i te whakamahinga sima, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro. Heoi anō, ka taea e ēnei ranunga te whakarei ake i te pakari o te raima, te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te whakamahinga rauemi mō ngā whare. He maha ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai tino whai hua kua whiwhi tiwhikete taiao o te ao, e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga whanaketanga tauwhiro o te hanga whare matomato.
I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau hanga, kei te whānui haere hoki ngā whakamahinga o ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai. Hei tauira, i roto i te raima mahi-teitei (HPC) me te raima whakakoi-ake (SCC), ko ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai ngā tāpiri matua e whakarite ana i ngā āhuatanga whakataurite-ake o te raima i raro i ngā āhuatanga matotoru me te kaha. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai me ētahi atu ranunga (pēnei i ngā mea whakaroa me ngā mea whakauru-hau) hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te raima.
I roto i ngā kaupapa hanga, mā te whakamahi i ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha pēhi me te ātete wai o te raima, ka roa ake te ora o ngā hanganga. Hei tauira, i roto i te hanganga o ngā whare teitei me ngā piriti nui, mā ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai whai hua ka pai te rere o te raima i raro i ngā whakaritenga kaha teitei, ka whakahaere i ngā mahi hanga. Hei tāpiri, mā ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai ka taea te whakaiti i te toto me te wehewehe i roto i te raima, ka whakapai ake i tōna ōritetanga me tōna ōritetanga.
I roto i te ao hanga whare matomato, he mea tino nui ngā āhuatanga taiao o ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai. Mā te whakamahi i ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai tino whai hua ka taea te whakaiti i te whakamahinga sima, ā, ka whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro. Heoi anō, ka taea e ēnei ranunga te whakarei ake i te pakari o te raima, te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te whakamahinga rauemi mō ngā whare. He maha ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai tino whai hua kua whiwhi tiwhikete taiao o te ao, e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga whanaketanga tauwhiro o te hanga whare matomato.
I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau hanga, kei te whānui haere hoki ngā whakamahinga o ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai. Hei tauira, i roto i te raima mahi-teitei (HPC) me te raima whakakoi-ake (SCC), ko ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai ngā tāpiri matua e whakarite ana i ngā āhuatanga whakataurite-ake o te raima i raro i ngā āhuatanga matotoru me te kaha. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ranunga whakaiti-wai me ētahi atu ranunga (pēnei i ngā mea whakaroa me ngā mea whakauru-hau) hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te raima.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga
| Ingoa Hua | Te Konutai Naphthalene Sulphonate Formaldehyde (SNF/PNS/FDN/NSF) | |||||||||
| Ngā Ingoa Kē | Poly Naphthalene Sulfonate | |||||||||
| Naphthalene Formaldehyde i whakapūkarahia | ||||||||||
| Te Pūwero Whakapūmau i runga i te Naphthalene | ||||||||||
| Te Ihirangi o te Konutai Whanawha | 5% 10% 18% | |||||||||
| Āhua | Paura Parauri Mārama | |||||||||
| Te tākai | Pēke 25KG | |||||||||
| Nama Kāri | 36290-04-7 | |||||||||
| Waehere HS | 38244010 | |||||||||
| Te rahinga | 14-15MTS mō te 20'FCL | |||||||||
| Tono | Te ranunga raima, ka whakapai ake i te rere o te wai | |||||||||
Pepa Whakahaere Kounga
| NGĀ TŪEMA | SNF-A | SNF-B | SNF-C | ||||
| Ihirangi Totoka ≥ | 92% | 92% | 92% | ||||
| Uara PH | 7-9 | 7-9 | 7-9 | ||||
| Ihirangi Hauhā ≤ | 0.30% | 0.40% | 0.50% | ||||
| Te Ihirangi o te Konutai Whanawha ≤ | 5% | 10% | 18% | ||||
| Te Rerenga Māngaro Kupenga (mm) ≥ | 250 | 240 | 230 | ||||
| Te Reiti Whakaiti Wai Mōrahi (%) | 26 | 25 | 23 |
Hei whakarāpopototanga
He mea nui ngā tāpiringa whakaiti-wai i roto i te hangarau raima hou. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te mahi a te raima anake, engari ka tautoko hoki i te hanganga matomato me te whanaketanga pumau. Mā te haere tonu o ngā whanaketanga hangarau, ka whānui ake ngā huarahi tono mō ngā tāpiringa whakaiti-wai.